ShortBoard

serviced offices

2006-11-01T13:25:00.000-08:00

Office planet have a huge database of serviced offices throughout the UK. serviced offices provide an affordable and hassle free office solution

Jesse

2005-03-18T23:48:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Isai, in the Old Testament, the father of King David. Jesse was the son of Ohed, and the grandson of Boaz and Ruth. He was a farmer and sheep breeder in Bethlehem. David was the youngest of Jesse's eight sons. The appellation “son of Jesse” served as a synonym for David both at Saul's court and, subsequently, when David became king. It became a standard poetic metaphor in the Bible. Phrases

Sesostris Ii

2005-03-16T21:28:00.000-08:00

Following the established practice of his dynasty, Sesostris spent three years as his father's coregent. In year 1 of this period, a

Aristeas, Letter Of

2005-03-14T18:39:00.000-08:00

Pseudepigraphal work of pseudo-history produced in Alexandria, probably in the mid-2nd century BC, to promote the cause of Judaism. Though the size and prestige of the Jewish community had already secured for itself a definite place in Alexandrian society and serious anti-Semitism had not yet gained currency, the Jewish community was in conflict. While some Jews embraced

Nördlingen

2005-03-12T11:20:00.000-08:00

City, Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany, on the Eger River. A seat of the bishop of Regensburg in 898, it became a free imperial city in 1215. Several battles in the Thirty Years' War (17th century) and the French Revolutionary Wars (18th century) were fought outside the medieval walls that still surround the old city. Notable buildings include the late-Gothic town hall, the Church of

Prodi, Romano

2005-03-11T07:59:00.000-08:00

Prodi graduated from Catholic University in Milan in 1961 and did postdoctoral work at the London School of Economics. After serving as a professor of economics at the University of Bologna, he entered government as minister of industry in 1978. In 1996, after two productive stints

Evans, Walker

2005-03-08T02:34:00.000-08:00

American photographer, important primarily for documenting the effects of economic depression in the American South and photographically interpreting American folk architecture. His approach to photography was largely formed by the documentary photographs of the French photographer Eugène Atget, whose influence

Plainview

2005-03-06T06:33:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1888) of Hale county, northwestern Texas, U.S. It lies on the Llano Estacado, a portion of the High Plains between Amarillo and Lubbock (40 miles [65 km] south). The site was surveyed in 1887 by Z.T. Maxwell and E.L. Lowe, who named it Plainview because of the unbroken view to the horizon. The settlement remained a trading post for cattlemen until the railroad arrived in 1907, when it was incorporated

Taoka Kazuo

2005-03-05T14:55:00.000-08:00

Taoka was born to a poor farm family in a village on the island of Shikoku;

Brugmann, Karl

2005-03-02T11:08:00.000-08:00

As a young man Brugmann sided with the emerging Junggrammatiker, or Neogrammarians, who rejected

African American Literature, The Black Arts movement

2005-02-28T16:08:00.000-08:00

The assassination of Malcolm X, eloquent exponent of black nationalism, in 1965 in New York and the espousal of “Black Power” by previously integrationist civil rights organizations such as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) helped to galvanize a generation of young black writers into rethinking the purpose

Al-

2005-02-26T14:26:00.000-08:00

Arabic definite article, meaning “the.” It often prefixes Arabic proper nouns, especially place-names; an example is Al-Jazirah (Arabic: “The Island”), the name of an interfluvial region in The Sudan. The article is often used in lowercase form, hence al-Jazirah. Reference works, including Encyclopædia Britannica, often alphabetize names beginning with al- under the main part

Frederick William

2005-02-25T02:59:00.000-08:00

Byname The Great Elector, German Der Grosse Kurfürst elector of Brandenburg (1640–88), who restored the Hohenzollern dominions after the devastations of the Thirty Years' War—centralizing the political administration, reorganizing the state finances, rebuilding towns and cities, developing a strong army, and acquiring clear sovereignty over ducal Prussia. All these measures

San Francisco Bay

2005-02-23T11:14:00.000-08:00

Large, nearly landlocked bay indenting western California, U.S. It is a drowned river valley, paralleling the coastline, and is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a strait called the Golden Gate, which is spanned by the Golden Gate Bridge (see photograph). San Francisco Bay is 60 miles (97 km) long and 3 to 12 miles (5 to 19 km) wide and is one of the world's finest natural harbours. Treasure,

Addison Disease

2005-02-20T14:11:00.000-08:00

The adrenal cortex produces numerous hormones called corticosteroids, which are involved in important functions of the body such as regulation of metabolism, blood pressure, and sodium and potassium levels. Damage to the

Atkinson, Sir Harry

2005-02-18T19:17:00.000-08:00

Atkinson left England for Taranaki province, N.Z., in 1853 and attained distinction as a soldier in the wars of 1860 and 1863 against the native Maoris. As minister of defense (1864–65) in the administration

Devrient, Otto

2005-02-17T22:30:00.000-08:00

Grandnephew of the great Romantic actor Ludwig Devrient, Otto was trained by his father, Eduard Devrient, who was a director, a translator of Shakespeare, and a stage historian. His early engagements included Karlsruhe, Stuttgart, Berlin, and Leipzig. In 1863 he returned to Karlsruhe to

Cosmas

2005-02-14T08:19:00.000-08:00

Also called Indicopleustes merchant, traveler, theologian, and geographer whose treatise Topographia Christiana (c. 535–547; “Christian Topography”) contains one of the earliest and most famous of world maps. In this treatise, Cosmas tried to prove the literal accuracy of the Biblical picture of the universe, asserting in particular that the Earth is flat and trying to refute

Thomas, George H(enry)

2005-02-13T20:42:00.000-08:00

A graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y., in 1840, Thomas served in the Mexican War (1846–48) and as an instructor at West Point. Despite his Southern birth

Brûlé, étienne

2005-02-10T20:06:00.000-08:00

Brûlé is believed to have lived for a year (1610–11) among the Algonquin Indians in order to learn their language. Subsequently, he pioneered the role of interpreter between the French and various tribes,

Felling

2005-02-09T03:30:00.000-08:00

Town, Gateshead metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the south bank of the River Tyne. The town grew rapidly at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century with the extension of coal mining and later with the expansion of riverside industries such as shipbuilding and the manufacture of glass and heavy chemicals. New

Nathan, Maud

2005-02-06T01:22:00.000-08:00

Nathan was an elder sister of writer and antisuffragist Annie Nathan (Meyer). In April 1880 she married her cousin Frederick Nathan. Early in her married life she involved herself in such community service organizations as the New York Exchange for Women's

Xerox Parc

2005-02-05T11:41:00.000-08:00

Among the many inventions of the 1970s, few are as important as the personal computer, and, because the Xerox Alto was developed in 1973, PARC can claim credit for having made the first one. However, the mindset at Xerox, like that of all computer manufacturers of that time, was that a market did not exist for such machines. Corporate analysts asserted that the computer would be too

Military Affairs

2005-02-03T17:53:00.000-08:00

The devastating aerial attacks by terrorists in the United States on Sept. 11, 2001, caused untold chaos and horror and initiated a flood of events that affected all aspects of life in all corners of the world. The United States declared a “war on terrorism” and promptly focused on the international al-Qaeda group and its Taliban protectors in Afghanistan. (Al-Qaeda [“the

Mughal Architecture

2005-01-31T15:58:00.000-08:00

Building style that flourished in northern and central India under the patronage of the Mughal emperors from the mid-16th to the late 17th century. The Mughal period marked a striking revival of Islamic architecture in northern India. Under the patronage of the Mughal emperors, Persian, Indian, and various provincial styles were fused to produce works of unusual quality

Neoprioniodiform

2005-01-29T14:23:00.000-08:00

Conodont, or small toothlike phosphatic fossil of uncertain affinity, that is characterized by a main terminal cusp, varying numbers of subsidiary cusps or denticles that may be completely fused, and an underside region that is deeply grooved. Several genera are included in the neoprioniodiforms, including excellent guide fossils for the Ordovician

Eberhard I

2005-01-27T10:07:00.000-08:00

Eberhard expanded his territories and in 1482 established primogeniture and settled the succession to his holdings. The towns of Stuttgart and Tübingen received charters, and Eberhard reformed

Sporotrichosis

2005-01-25T10:38:00.000-08:00

Subacute or chronic infection by the fungus Sporotrichum, or Sporothrix, schenckii, usually characterized by a chancre at the site of inoculation and, extending from the site, a chain of hard, red, pus-generating lumps along the lymphatics of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The fungus, which is most commonly found in the soil or on vegetation or decaying wood, most

Anchorage

2005-01-23T00:54:00.000-08:00

City, southern Alaska, U.S. It is a port at the head of Cook Inlet (a bay of the Pacific). Anchorage was founded in 1914 as the headquarters of the Alaska Railroad running north to Fairbanks. It became a key aviation and defense centre with the construction of Fort Richardson and Elmendorf Air Force Base during World War II. Subsequently, it became a regular stop on air routes from

Bonaparte, Louis-lucien

2005-01-22T23:23:00.000-08:00

He passed his youth in Italy and did not go to France until 1848, when he served two brief terms in the Assembly as representative for Corsica (1848) and for the Seine (1849). He played no direct part in the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851, of his cousin Napoleon

Earth, Geologic History Of

2005-01-19T16:02:00.000-08:00

Evolution of the continents, oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere. The layers of rock at the Earth's surface contain evidence of the evolutionary processes undergone by these components of the terrestrial environment during the times at which each layer was formed. By studying this rock record from the very beginning, it is thus possible to trace their development

Ibarra

2005-01-15T17:18:00.000-08:00

In full San Antonio De Ibarra, city, north-central Ecuador, situated in an Andean valley at an elevation of 7,300 feet (2,200 m), within the Ecuadorian Lake District. It was founded in 1606 by the soldier Cristóbal Torre, a representative of Miguel de Ibarra, the president of the royal audiencia of Quito (a judicial–legislative body), and was named for him. Though largely destroyed by an earthquake in 1868, it has retained much

Iran, Ancient, Mithradates II

2005-01-14T05:20:00.000-08:00

The reign of Mithradates II, from 123 to 88 BC, constitutes the most glorious chapter of Parthian history. It put an end to the ambitions of Artabanus's son Himerus, left by his father as governor of Mesopotamia, and brought Hyspaosines, king of Mesene (Characene), who had extended his possessions too far toward the north, back into submission. In the east the Saka were on the move—soon

Biblical Literature, On the modern secular age

2005-01-12T08:26:00.000-08:00

The assumption of many people is that the Bible has lost much of its importance in a secularized world; that is implied whenever the modern period is called the post-Judeo-Christian era. In most ways the label is appropriate. The modern period seems to be a time in which unprecedented numbers of people have discarded traditional beliefs and practices of both Judaism

Syrian Wars

2005-01-09T09:03:00.000-08:00

(3rd century BC), five conflicts fought between the leading Hellenistic states, chiefly the Seleucid kingdom and Ptolemaic Egypt, and, in a lesser way, Macedonia. The complex and devious diplomacy that surrounded the wars was characteristic of the Hellenistic monarchies. The main issue in dispute between the Seleucids and the Ptolemies was control of southern Syria.

Christensen, Willam

2005-01-07T06:10:00.000-08:00

Christensen studied with the great ballet master and reformer Michel Fokine. He performed in vaudeville with his brothers before joining the San Francisco Opera Ballet as

Vietnam, Climate

2005-01-06T07:16:00.000-08:00

The northern part of Vietnam is on the edge of the tropical climatic zone. During January, the coldest month of the year, Hanoi has a mean temperature of 63° F (17° C), while the annual average temperature is 74° F (23° C). Farther south, the average annual temperature in Hue is 77° F (25° C) and in Ho Chi Minh City is 81° F (27° C); in the highland city of Da Lat, it drops to 70° F (21° C). The winter season in northern Vietnam lasts

Angus, William Douglas, 10th Earl Of

2005-01-03T07:17:00.000-08:00

He joined the household of the Earl of Morton and then, while visiting the French court, became a Roman Catholic; in consequence, on his return, he was disinherited and placed under restraint. Nevertheless, he succeeded to his father's titles and estates in 1591, and,

Incremental Repetition

2005-01-01T15:43:00.000-08:00

A device used in poetry of the oral tradition, especially English and Scottish ballads, in which a line is repeated in a changed context or with minor changes in the repeated part. The device is illustrated in the following stanzas from the ballad “Lord Randal”: “O where ha' you been, Lord Randal, my son? And where ha' you been, my handsome young man?”“I ha' been at the greenwood; mother,

Esquire

2004-12-31T04:31:00.000-08:00

Esquire's early notoriety became the subject of a celebrated

Table Tennis

2004-12-28T05:09:00.000-08:00

In the years between the biennial world championships, attention focused on regional events, the largest of which were the European championships. At the 19th staging of this tournament, in Birmingham, England, during March-April 1994, Jean-Michel Saive of Belgium became the new European men's singles champion by defeating Olympic gold medalist Jan-Ove Waldner of Sweden

Solar Deity

2004-12-26T15:36:00.000-08:00

God or goddess conceived of as sovereign, steady, and all-seeing, often identified with the supreme deity of a culture or with the king or ruler. See sun worship.

Mahan, Alfred Thayer

2004-12-24T18:20:00.000-08:00

Mahan was the son of a professor at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md., in 1859 and went on to serve nearly 40 years of active duty in the U.S. Navy. He fought in

Gu Kaizhi

2004-12-22T10:19:00.000-08:00

Gu Kaizhi's art is known today from both written records and paintings that are

La Grande

2004-12-21T23:01:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1905) of Union county, northeastern Oregon, U.S., between the Blue Mountains (west) and Wallowa Mountains (east), on the Grande Ronde River. The region was once roamed by Umatilla Indians. The city was founded in 1864 as a way station along the Oregon Trail. It developed as a shipping centre for ores, timber, and cattle; the cattle and lumber industries remain the economic mainstays

Increasing Safety In Auto Racing: A Winning Formula?

2004-12-19T07:24:00.000-08:00

In 2000–01 that balance was sorely

Wayne, Anthony

2004-12-17T16:56:00.000-08:00

The owner of a tannery and extensive property in Pennsylvania, Wayne was commissioned a colonel in the Continental Army in January 1776. That spring his regiment was sent

Biblical Literature, The First Letter of John

2004-12-13T14:51:00.000-08:00

I John assumes a knowledge of the Johannine Gospel (the author of I John may be the ecclesiastical redactor of the Gospel According to John) and adds ethical admonition and instruction regarding the well-being of the church as it confronts heresy and stresses the lack of moral concern that springs from it. There is strong defense against the threat of a type of Gnosticism

Argentina, Political parties

2004-12-10T07:40:00.000-08:00

The political party system in Argentina has been volatile, particularly in the 20th century, with numerous parties forming, taking part in elections, and disbanding as new factions evolve. Among the major parties are the Radical Civic Union (Unión Cívica Radical; UCR), a centrist party with moderate leftist leanings; the Justicialist Party (Partido Justicialista; PJ),

Alban, Saint

2004-12-10T01:28:00.000-08:00

According to the historian Bede, he served in the Roman army and was converted to Christianity by a fugitive priest whom he sheltered and with whom he exchanged clothes, so that he was martyred in the priest's place (c. 304; other dates suggested by scholars are c. 254 or c. 209). His feast day is commemorated

Peregrinus Of Maricourt, Peter

2004-12-09T11:30:00.000-08:00

Almost nothing is known about Peregrinus' life, except that he wrote his famous treatise while serving as an engineer in the army of Charles I of Anjou that was besieging Lucera (in Italy) in August 1269 in a “crusade” sanctioned by the pope. Peregrinus' abilities

Muhammad

2004-12-07T08:31:00.000-08:00

In full Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim founder of the religion of Islam and of the Muslim community.

Vitamin

2004-12-06T22:20:00.000-08:00

Any of several organic substances that usually are separated into water-soluble (e.g., the B vitamins, vitamin C) and fat-soluble (e.g., vitamins A, D, E, K) groups; small quantities (from 0.00002 percent to 0.005 percent of a diet) are necessary for normal health and growth in higher forms of animal life. The substances commonly known as vitamins are diverse in chemical structure and function.

Ice Skating

2004-12-05T06:53:00.000-08:00

Rintje Ritsma of The Netherlands coped with hazardous weather conditions to claim the overall title in the men's world championships at the small Italian mountain resort of Baselga di Pinè on February 11-12. Keiji Shirahata of Japan finished second, and Roberto Sighel of Italy was third. Gunda Niemann of Germany captured the women's crown at Savalen, Norway, on March 4-5, ahead

Doris

2004-12-04T20:11:00.000-08:00

The alleged mother country of the Dorian conquerors of the Peloponnese. It was a small district in central Greece, lying between Mounts Oeta (modern Oiti) and Parnassus and consisting of a narrow valley nowhere exceeding 4 miles (6 km) in breadth, with only four small townships. Doris had some importance because it commanded the road from Heraclea in Trachis to Amphissa,

Hettangian Stage

2004-12-04T01:39:00.000-08:00

The name Hettangian

Paglia, Camille

2004-12-03T16:23:00.000-08:00

The controversial academic, aesthete, and self-described feminist Camille Paglia enunciated her unorthodox views on sexuality and the development of culture and art in Western civilization in two books, Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson (1990) and Sex, Art, and American Culture: Essays (1992). Her public persona and iconoclastic views enraged

Paglia, Camille

2004-12-01T02:02:00.000-08:00

Extinct aquatic lizards that attained a high degree of adaptation to the marine environment and were distributed worldwide during the Cretaceous Period (144 million to 65 million years ago). The mosasaurs competed with other marine reptiles—the plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs—for food, which consisted largely of ammonoids, fish, and cuttlefish. Many mosasaurs of the

Ryde

2004-12-01T00:28:00.000-08:00

Town on the northeastern coast of the Isle of Wight, historic county of Hampshire, England, opposite Portsmouth on the mainland. It is located on the site of a former village called La Rye, which the French destroyed early in the 14th century. Still a small fishing hamlet by 1800, Ryde grew rapidly in the railway age as an attractive holiday resort (being incorporated in 1868). It is

Talikota, Battle Of

2004-11-29T05:22:00.000-08:00

(January 1565), confrontation between the forces of the Hindu raja of Vijayanagar and the four Muslim sultans of Bijapur, Bidar, Ahmadnagar, and Golconda in the Indian Deccan. The armies numbered several hundred thousand with large contingents of elephants. The battle seems to have been decided by the Muslim artillery and the capture and execution of the ruling Hindu minister

World War I, The Armistice

2004-11-28T05:33:00.000-08:00

The Allies' armistice terms presented in the railway carriage at Rethondes were stiff. Germany was required to evacuate not only Belgium, France, and Alsace-Lorraine but also all the rest of the left (west) bank of the Rhine, and it had to neutralize that river's right bank between The Netherlands and Switzerland. The German troops in East Africa were to surrender; the

Anastasius Ii

2004-11-27T11:57:00.000-08:00

He was chosen to take the throne after an army coup deposed Philippicus, whose secretary he had been. Anastasius reversed the ecclesiastical policies of Philippicus and tried to reform the army before he, too, was deposed. Assuring Pope Constantine of his orthodoxy, Anastasius withdrew Philippicus' monothelite decrees, which had imposed

China, Readjustment and reaction, 196165

2004-11-27T08:25:00.000-08:00

Reality can be seen, however, in the increasing

Hyde De Neuville, Jean-guillaume, Baron

2004-11-25T05:49:00.000-08:00

Devoted to Louis XVI, Hyde de Neuville remained a royalist agent after the outbreak of the Revolution. After taking part in a royalist insurrection in Berry (1796), he attempted first to discredit the Directory, then to convince Napoleon to reestablish the Bourbons on the

Melanesian Languages

2004-11-24T22:05:00.000-08:00

Languages belonging to the Eastern, or Oceanic, branch of the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) language family and spoken in the islands of Melanesia. The Melanesian languages, of which there are about 400, are most closely related to the languages of Micronesia and Polynesia; most have a few hundred or a few thousand speakers, and the total number of speakers of Melanesian

Gamma Decay

2004-11-24T08:35:00.000-08:00

Type of radioactivity in which some unstable atomic nuclei dissipate excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process. In the most common form of gamma decay, known as gamma emission, gamma rays (photons, or packets of electromagnetic energy, of extremely short wavelength) are radiated. Gamma decay also includes two other electromagnetic processes, internal

Galilee, Sea Of

2004-11-22T13:32:00.000-08:00

Also called Lake Tiberias, Arabic Buhayrat Tabariya, Hebrew Yam Kinneret, lake in Israel through which the Jordan River flows. From 1948 to 1967 it was bordered immediately to the northeast by the cease-fire line with Syria. It is famous for its biblical associations. Located 686 feet (209 m) below sea level, it has a surface area of 64 square miles (166 square km). The sea's maximum depth, which occurs in the northeast, is 157 feet (48 m). Measuring 13 miles (21 km) from north to south and 7 miles

Monasticism, Sikhism

2004-11-22T13:18:00.000-08:00

Sikhism, founded by the Punjabi reformer Nanak, was and is a martial version of Hinduism. Of all the indigenous Indian religions, it was the least sympathetic to monastic inspirations. The aforementioned Sikh monastic Nirmal-akhada and the quasi-monastic Nihang Sahibs are patently compromises with the overall Indian trend to establish monastic traditions to express

Hardwick, Elizabeth

2004-11-21T20:14:00.000-08:00

Hardwick attended the University of Kentucky (B.A., 1938; M.A., 1939) and Columbia University in New York City. Her experience as a young Southern woman in Manhattan provided the backdrop for her somber, introspective first novel, The Ghostly

Denis, Saint

2004-11-20T15:36:00.000-08:00

According to St. Gregory of Tours's 6th-century Historia Francorum, Denis was one of seven bishops sent to Gaul to convert the people in the reign of the Roman emperor Decius. Little is known of his life; it is believed that he was martyred

Bharuch

2004-11-18T01:34:00.000-08:00

Bharuch was one of the most celebrated harbours in ancient India, being mentioned in the Periplus Maris Erythraei (c. AD 80) and by Ptolemy as Barygaza. It also occurs in the Hindu epic poem Mahabharata. Ruled in the 2nd century by the Ksatrapas and in the 7th

Biblical Literature, Prophetic themes and actions

2004-11-18T00:09:00.000-08:00

The first section of the book (chapters 1–24) contains prophecies against Judah and Jerusalem. Ezekiel's call is recorded in chapter 1 to chapter 3, verse 15. It came in a vision of four heavenly cherubim, who appeared in a wind from the north, a cloud, and flashing fire (lightning?)—traditional symbolic elements of a theophany (manifestation of a god) in ancient Near Eastern religions.

Arica

2004-11-16T09:15:00.000-08:00

Capital of Arica province, Tarapacá region, Chile. The city lies along the Pacific coast, at the foot of El Morro (a precipitous headland), and is fringed on its southern edge by sand dunes of the rainless Atacama Desert. Arica is situated near the Peruvian border and is the northernmost Chilean seaport. Founded as San Marcos de Arica in 1570 on the site of a pre-Columbian settlement,

Bench

2004-11-15T21:01:00.000-08:00

Long seat that may be freestanding, fixed to the wall, or placed against the wall. Paneled benches were used by the Romans, and they were the most common form of seating in medieval halls at a time when a chair was a rare luxury. Benches were not only used as seats but were normally wide enough to be used for sleeping on or eating from; as the Frankish ecclesiastic and historian

Natural History Museum

2004-11-15T07:17:00.000-08:00

The museum was formerly an integral part of the British

Hyposulfite Of Soda

2004-11-14T09:21:00.000-08:00

Most important salt of thiosulfuric acid, an unstable compound of sulfur (q.v.).

Alabama, Cultural life

2004-11-13T19:23:00.000-08:00

Alabama enjoys a rich vein of folk culture in the rural areas, especially among blacks. Story telling has attracted the attention of folklore specialists. The experiences of rural life contributed important elements to the development of modern American popular music, including ragtime and jazz. Sacred music, in the form of gospel quartets and shape-note, or “fa-so-la,

Paris, Foundation and medieval growth

2004-11-11T18:51:00.000-08:00

Paris was in existence by the end of the 3rd century BC as a settlement on an island, the modern Île de la Cité, in the Seine River and was inhabited by a Gallic tribe known as the Parisii. The first recorded name for the settlement was Lutetia (Latin: “Midwater-Dwelling”). When the Romans arrived, the Parisii were sufficiently organized and wealthy to have their own gold coinage.

Libya, Resources

2004-11-10T11:52:00.000-08:00

Petroleum is Libya's most important mineral resource. First discovered in 1956 near the Algerian border, it has since been located mainly in the Surt Basin. The major oil fields are Zaltan, Amal, and Intisar A in the vicinity of Banghazi; the Dahra field is located near Misratah, and the Sarir field is near Darnah. Deposits have been located near Ghadamis on the western border, Murzuq in

Anaximander

2004-11-09T08:24:00.000-08:00

Anaximander is thought to have been a pupil of Thales of Miletus. Evidence exists that he wrote treatises on geography, astronomy, and cosmology that survived for several centuries, and that he made

Allston, Robert (francis Withers)

2004-11-08T18:24:00.000-08:00

Rice planter and governor of South Carolina whose papers, South Carolina Rice Plantation, provide important agricultural, political, and social information about the pre-Civil War South. By scientifically draining and reclaiming swamps in his state, he developed one of the last great rice plantations in the Atlantic

Skeleton Shrimp

2004-11-08T16:04:00.000-08:00

Aeginella longicornis (longicornia), which occurs among eelgrass, sponges, and wharf pilings

Chrestien, Florent

2004-11-07T01:27:00.000-08:00

The son of Guillaume Chrestien, an eminent physician and writer on physiology, he became a pupil of Henri Estienne, the Hellenist, at an early age. Later, he was appointed tutor to Henry of Navarre, afterward Henry IV of France, who made him his librarian.

Kazak Uplands

2004-11-05T16:29:00.000-08:00

Kazak Saryarqa , Russian Kazakhsky Melkosopochnik , also spelled Kazachskij Melkosopocnik hilly upland in central and eastern Kazakstan, occupying about one-fifth of the republic. It is a peneplain, the mountainous Paleozoic foundation of which had already been worn down into an undulating plain by the beginning of the Mesozoic Era, beginning about 245 million years ago. Low hills are characteristic, and there are extensive depressions occupied by saline

Resistance

2004-11-04T02:01:00.000-08:00

Also called Underground in European history, any of various secret and clandestine groups that sprang up throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II to oppose Nazi rule. The exact number of those who took part is unknown, but they included civilians who worked secretly against the occupation as well as armed bands of partisans or guerrilla fighters. Their activities ranged

Narodnaya Volya

2004-11-03T20:42:00.000-08:00

Narodnaya Volya was organized in 1879 by members of the revolutionary Populist party, Zemlya i Volya (“Land and Freedom”), who were disillusioned by the failure of their efforts to promote social revolution

Zirconia

2004-11-03T07:32:00.000-08:00

Zirconium dioxide, an industrially important compound of zirconium and oxygen usually derived from the mineral zircon (see zirconium).

Furniture, Fabrics

2004-11-01T03:20:00.000-08:00

The use of fabrics in furnishing rooms is closely bound up with the need for heating. In the primitively heated rooms of the Middle Ages, textiles were used to keep out cold and drafts. In 12th- and 13th-century churches, painted textile drapery can still be discerned beneath the picture friezes. In rather cold churches, just as in poorly heated homes, loosely hung textile

Rouher, Eugène

2004-10-31T00:00:00.000-07:00

He was elected to the National Assembly in 1848, and his conservative attitudes and fear of disorder led him to support Louis-Napoléon. Appointed minister of justice in 1849, he suppressed

Coase, Ronald

2004-10-29T01:52:00.000-07:00

Coase attended the London School of Economics, where he received a bachelor of commerce degree in 1932 and a Ph.D. in economics in 1951. He was employed at various universities, including the London School of Economics (1935–51), the University of Buffalo, New York

Lodge

2004-10-28T18:06:00.000-07:00

The lodge became a more permanent type of house as the lands around European

Sabinian

2004-10-28T10:42:00.000-07:00

Under Pope Gregory I the Great, he served as papal ambassador at Constantinople, trying to reconcile the Roman Church with Patriarch John IV the Faster, whose claim to the title of ecumenical patriarch was regarded by Gregory to be a threat to Christian unity. Elected in 604 as Gregory's successor, Sabinian seems to have been markedly

Tabari, At-

2004-10-27T22:08:00.000-07:00

In full Abu Ja'far Muhammad Ibn Jarir At-tabari Muslim scholar, author of enormous compendiums of early Islamic history and Qur'anic exegesis, who made a distinct contribution to the consolidation of Sunni thought during the 9th century. He condensed the vast wealth of exegetical and historical erudition of the preceding generations of Muslim scholars and laid the foundations

China, Political policy changes

2004-10-25T23:11:00.000-07:00

The reformers led by Deng Xiaoping tried after 1978 to reduce the level of political coercion in Chinese society. Millions of victims of past political campaigns were released from labour camps (especially during 1978–80), and bad “class labels” were removed from those stigmatized by them. This dramatically improved the career and social opportunities available to millions

Calendar, The French republican calendar

2004-10-24T14:04:00.000-07:00

In late 18th-century France, with the approach of the French Revolution, demands began to be made for a radical change in the civil calendar that would divorce it completely from any ecclesiastical connections. The first attacks on the Gregorian calendar and proposals for reform came in 1785 and 1788, the changes being primarily designed to divest the calendar of all its Christian

Ear Disease, Eczema

2004-10-24T09:21:00.000-07:00

Eczema of the skin of the outer ear, like eczema elsewhere, is an itching, scaling redness, sometimes with weeping of the affected skin. It is often the result of an allergy to a food or substance such as hair spray that comes in contact with the skin. The best treatment is discovery and avoidance of the allergen. Cortisone ointment applied topically may temporarily relieve

Argentina, The Gran Chaco

2004-10-23T07:27:00.000-07:00

The harsh physical conditions of the Gran

Lamarr, Hedy

2004-10-22T21:14:00.000-07:00

Austrian-born American actress (b. Nov. 9, 1913, Vienna, Austria—d. Jan. 19, 2000, Orlando, Fla.), possessed such a combination of exotic glamour and sex appeal that she was labeled the movie world's most beautiful woman. Although she appeared opposite many of Hollywood's most famous male stars, her films were not highly regarded, and she never came to be considered to have much acting ability;

Wyat, Sir Thomas, The Younger

2004-10-20T18:40:00.000-07:00

Wyat's father was the renowned poet and diplomat Sir Thomas Wyat. As a young man he acquired a reputation for recklessness, and in 1543 he was briefly imprisoned for taking part in a London street riot.

Castelvetro, Lodovico

2004-10-20T16:01:00.000-07:00

A dominant literary critic of the Italian Renaissance, particularly noted for his translation of and independently rendered conclusions from Aristotle's Poetics, in which he defended the dramatic unities of time, place, and action, as well as the use of poetry for pleasure alone; he thereby helped set the

ShortBoard

serviced offices

Jesse

Sesostris Ii

Aristeas, Letter Of

Nördlingen

Prodi, Romano

Evans, Walker

Plainview

Taoka Kazuo

Brugmann, Karl

African American Literature, The Black Arts movement

Al-

Frederick William

San Francisco Bay

Addison Disease

Atkinson, Sir Harry

Devrient, Otto

Cosmas

Thomas, George H(enry)

Brûlé, étienne

Felling

Nathan, Maud

Xerox Parc

Military Affairs

Mughal Architecture

Neoprioniodiform

Eberhard I

Sporotrichosis

Anchorage

Bonaparte, Louis-lucien

Earth, Geologic History Of

Ibarra

Iran, Ancient, Mithradates II

Biblical Literature, On the modern secular age

Syrian Wars

Christensen, Willam

Vietnam, Climate

Angus, William Douglas, 10th Earl Of

Incremental Repetition

Esquire

Table Tennis

Solar Deity

Mahan, Alfred Thayer

Gu Kaizhi

La Grande

Increasing Safety In Auto Racing: A Winning Formula?

Wayne, Anthony

Biblical Literature, The First Letter of John

Argentina, Political parties

Alban, Saint

Peregrinus Of Maricourt, Peter

Muhammad

Vitamin

Ice Skating

Doris

Hettangian Stage

Paglia, Camille

Paglia, Camille

Ryde

Talikota, Battle Of

World War I, The Armistice

Anastasius Ii

China, Readjustment and reaction, 196165

Hyde De Neuville, Jean-guillaume, Baron

Melanesian Languages

Gamma Decay

Galilee, Sea Of

Monasticism, Sikhism

Hardwick, Elizabeth

Denis, Saint

Bharuch

Biblical Literature, Prophetic themes and actions

Arica

Bench

Natural History Museum

Hyposulfite Of Soda

Alabama, Cultural life

Paris, Foundation and medieval growth

Libya, Resources

China, Readjustment and reaction, 196165